Infeksi bakteri pada poket periodontal >> melalui saluran aksesori >> pulpa >> nekrosis pulpa.
Combined lesion
Ketika nekrosis pulpa dan lesi periapikal terjadi pada gigi yang juga terlibat secara periodontal.
Developmental or acquired deformities and conditions
Localized tooth-related factors that predispose to plaque-induced gingival diseases or periodontitis
Mucogingival deformities and conditions around teeth
Mucogingival deformities and conditions on edentulous ridges
Occlusal trauma
Referensi
Newman Takei Klokkevold Carranza. Carranza’s Clinical Periodontology. 11th ed. Dolan J, editor. St. Louis, Missouri: Elsevier Saunders; 2012.
Carranza, F., Klokkevold, P., Newman, M. and Takei, H. (2015). Carranza's Clinical periodontology. 12th ed. Canada: Elsevier.
Caton JG, Armitage G, Berglundh T, Chapple ILC, Jepsen S, Kornman KS, et al. A new classification scheme for periodontal and peri ‐ implant diseases and conditions – Introduction and key changes from the 1999 classification. 2018;45(March):1–8.